Respiratory Dead Space
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Farlex partner medical dictionary farlex 2012.
Respiratory dead space. A nonspecific term that fails to distinguish between anatomic dead space and physiologic dead space. The physiological dead space below the carina approximated to 0 3 times the tidal volume for tidal volumes between 163 and 652 ml btps. Definition of respiratory dead space. Above a tidal volume of 350 ml btps the anatomical dead space was close to the predicted normal value for the subject.
An elevated physiological dead space calculated from measurements of arterial co 2 and mixed expired co 2 has proven to be a useful clinical marker of prognosis both for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and for patients with severe heart failure. Medical definition of anatomical dead space. Particulate matter is trapped on the mucus that lines the conducting. The dead space in that portion of the respiratory system which is external to the alveoli and includes the air conveying ducts from the nostrils to the terminal bronchioles compare physiological dead space.
Alveolar ventilation v alv is the part of ventilation that is effective for co 2 elimination whereas dead space ventilation is the ineffective part. The respiratory tract is so designed that during inspiration its upper part upto the level of terminal bronchiole is filled with atmospheric air. The anatomical dead space is that space of the brachial tree that does not take place in gaseous exchange. Below 350 ml it was reduced in proportion to the tidal volume.
General anesthesia multifactorial including loss of skeletal muscle tone and bronchoconstrictor tone anesthesia apparatus circuit artificial airway neck extension and jaw protrusion can increase it twofold positive pressure ventilation i e. In other words it is a space which includes air traveling down the trachea bronchi and bronchioles but no to the alveoli. Total dead space can be seen as the addition of the physiological dead space v dphys and the instrumental dead space v dinstr. Dead space physiology carbon dioxide is retained making a bicarbonate buffered blood and interstitium possible.
The anatomical dead space can increase with a large inspiration due to the traction or pull exerted on the bronchi by lung parenchyma the physiological dead space is those zones in the lung in which there is no elimination of co2 in other.
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