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The movement of air into and out of the alveoli.
Dead space ventilation. With the subsequent development of a simple. Dead space ventilation involves that component of the respiratory gases that does not participate in gas exchange. Factors that increase dead space. The current calculation of physiological dead space utilising measurements of arterial co 2 tension p aco 2 and mixed expired co 2 tension p eco 2 was initially thought to include an anatomical dead space representing the fraction of ventilation advancing no further than the conducting airways and an alveolar dead space representing the fraction of ventilation delivered to alveolar surfaces receiving no pulmonary artery perfusion.
Alveolar dead space poorly ventilated alveoli do not generally empty at the same rate as healthy alveoli. Increasing the proportion of dead space to alveolar ventilation will lead to retention of carbon dioxide by the patient. It is determined by subtracting the dead space volume from the tidal volume and multiplying the result by the respiratory rate. During strenuous exercise co 2 will rise.
General anesthesia multifactorial including loss of skeletal muscle tone and bronchoconstrictor tone anesthesia apparatus circuit artificial airway neck extension and jaw protrusion can increase it twofold positive pressure ventilation i e. If mechanical dead space volume equals or exceeds alveolar. Dead space from equipment such as tubes ventilator circuitry. It is a function of the size of the tidal volume the rate of ventilation and the amount of dead space present in the respiratory system.
Physiological dead space refers to a condition that results in reduced perfusion to well ventilated alveoli.
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